Mahimman bayanai
Tsakanin 2015 zuwa 2050, yawan mutanen duniya sama da shekaru 60 zai kusan ninka daga 12% zuwa 22%.
Zuwa shekarar 2020, adadin mutanen da suka kai shekaru 60 zuwa sama zai zarce na yara kasa da shekaru 5.
A cikin 2050, kashi 80% na tsofaffi za su kasance a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin kuɗi.
Takin tsufa na yawan jama'a yana da sauri fiye da na baya.
Duk ƙasashe suna fuskantar manyan ƙalubale don tabbatar da cewa tsarin kiwon lafiyar su da na zamantakewa a shirye suke don yin amfani da wannan canjin alƙaluma.
Dubawa
Mutane a duniya suna rayuwa tsawon rai.A yau yawancin mutane na iya tsammanin za su rayu cikin shekaru sittin da kuma bayansu.Kowace ƙasa a duniya tana samun girma a cikin girma da kuma yawan tsofaffi a cikin al'umma.
A shekarar 2030, mutum 1 cikin 6 a duniya zai kai shekaru 60 ko sama da haka.A wannan lokacin rabon mutanen da suka haura shekaru 60 zuwa sama zai karu daga biliyan 1 a shekarar 2020 zuwa biliyan 1.4.Nan da shekarar 2050, yawan mutanen duniya masu shekaru 60 zuwa sama zai ninka (biliyan 2.1).Ana sa ran adadin mutanen da suka kai shekaru 80 ko sama da haka zai rubanya sau uku tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa 2050 zuwa miliyan 426.
Yayin da wannan sauyi na rarraba al'ummar wata ƙasa zuwa shekaru masu girma - wanda aka sani da yawan tsufa - ya fara ne a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa (misali a Japan 30% na yawan jama'ar sun riga sun wuce shekaru 60), yanzu ya yi ƙasa da matsakaici- kasashe masu samun kudin shiga wadanda ke fuskantar babban canji.Nan da shekarar 2050, kashi biyu bisa uku na al'ummar duniya sama da shekaru 60 za su rayu a kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin kudin shiga.
Tsufa yayi bayani
A matakin ilimin halitta, tsufa yana haifar da tasirin tarin nau'ikan lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta a kan lokaci.Wannan yana haifar da raguwa a hankali a cikin ƙarfin jiki da tunani, haɓaka haɗarin cuta da mutuwa a ƙarshe.Wadannan canje-canjen ba su da layi ko daidaitacce, kuma ana danganta su da sako-sako da shekarun mutum a cikin shekaru.Bambance-bambancen da ake gani a cikin tsufa ba bazuwar ba.Bayan sauye-sauyen ilimin halitta, ana danganta tsufa da sauran sauye-sauye na rayuwa kamar su ritaya, ƙaura zuwa mafi dacewa gidaje da mutuwar abokai da abokan tarayya.
Yanayin lafiya gama gari masu alaƙa da tsufa
Sharuɗɗan gama gari a cikin tsofaffi sun haɗa da asarar ji, cataracts da kurakurai masu raɗaɗi, ciwon baya da wuyansa da osteoarthritis, cututtukan huhu na yau da kullun, ciwon sukari, damuwa da hauka.Yayin da mutane ke tsufa, suna iya fuskantar yanayi da yawa a lokaci guda.
Tsofaffi kuma ana siffanta shi da bullar wasu rikitattun jihohin kiwon lafiya da ake kira ciwon suga.Yawancin lokaci suna haifar da dalilai masu yawa kuma sun haɗa da rauni, rashin daidaituwar fitsari, faɗuwa, rashi da matsi.
Abubuwan da ke tasiri lafiyar tsufa
Tsawon rayuwa yana haifar da damammaki, ba ga tsofaffi da danginsu kaɗai ba, har ma ga al'umma gaba ɗaya.Ƙarin shekaru suna ba da dama don biyan sababbin ayyuka kamar ƙarin ilimi, sabuwar sana'a ko sha'awar da aka yi watsi da su.Tsofaffi kuma suna ba da gudummawa ta hanyoyi da yawa ga iyalansu da al'ummominsu.Amma duk da haka girman waɗannan damammaki da gudummawar sun dogara sosai akan abu ɗaya: lafiya.
Shaidu sun nuna cewa yawan rayuwa a cikin koshin lafiya ya ci gaba da wanzuwa sosai, yana nuna cewa ƙarin shekarun suna cikin rashin lafiya.Idan mutane za su iya fuskantar waɗannan ƙarin shekaru na rayuwa cikin koshin lafiya kuma idan suna zaune a cikin yanayi mai taimako, ikonsu na yin abubuwan da suke daraja ba zai bambanta da na ƙarami ba.Idan waɗannan ƙarin shekarun sun mamaye raguwar ƙarfin jiki da tunani, abubuwan da ke faruwa ga tsofaffi da kuma ga al'umma sun fi muni.
Ko da yake wasu bambance-bambancen lafiyar tsofaffin kwayoyin halitta ne, yawancin suna faruwa ne saboda yanayin jiki da zamantakewar mutane - ciki har da gidajensu, unguwanni, da al'ummominsu, da kuma halayensu na kashin kansu - kamar jinsinsu, kabila, ko matsayinsu na tattalin arziki.Wurin da mutane ke rayuwa a ciki tun suna yara - ko ma masu tasowa 'yan tayi - haɗe da halayensu na sirri, suna da tasiri na dogon lokaci akan yadda suke tsufa.
Yanayin jiki da na zamantakewa na iya shafar lafiya kai tsaye ko ta hanyar shinge ko abubuwan ƙarfafawa waɗanda ke shafar dama, yanke shawara da halayen lafiya.Kula da halayen lafiya a duk tsawon rayuwa, musamman cin abinci daidaitaccen abinci, yin motsa jiki na yau da kullun da kuma nisantar shan taba, duk suna ba da gudummawa ga rage haɗarin cututtukan da ba sa yaduwa, haɓaka ƙarfin jiki da tunani da jinkirta dogaro da kulawa.
Wuraren tallafi na jiki da na zamantakewa kuma yana ba mutane damar yin abin da ke da mahimmanci a gare su, duk da asarar iya aiki.Samar da aminci da isa ga gine-ginen jama'a da sufuri, da wuraren da ke da sauƙin tafiya, misalai ne na muhallin tallafi.A cikin haɓaka amsawar lafiyar jama'a game da tsufa, yana da mahimmanci ba kawai la'akari da hanyoyin mutum da muhalli waɗanda ke haɓaka asarar da ke tattare da tsufa ba, har ma waɗanda zasu iya ƙarfafa farfadowa, daidaitawa da haɓakar halayyar ɗan adam.
Kalubale wajen mayar da martani ga yawan tsufa
Babu wani dattijo na musamman.Wasu ’yan shekara 80 suna da karfin jiki da tunani kwatankwacin ’yan shekara 30 da yawa.Wasu mutane suna samun raguwa sosai a cikin iyawa a cikin ƙananan shekaru.Cikakken martanin lafiyar jama'a dole ne ya magance wannan fa'ida na gogewa da buƙatun tsofaffi.
Bambance-bambancen da ake gani a cikin tsufa ba bazuwar ba.Babban sashi ya taso ne daga muhallin mutane na zahiri da na zaman jama'a da tasirin waɗannan mahalli kan damarsu da halayen lafiyarsu.Dangantakar da muke da ita tare da mahallin mu yana karkatar da halayen mutum kamar dangin da aka haife mu, jima'i da kabilanci, yana haifar da rashin daidaito a cikin lafiya.
Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar tsofaffi a matsayin masu rauni ko dogaro da nauyi ga al'umma.Masana kiwon lafiyar jama'a, da sauran al'umma gaba daya, suna buƙatar magance waɗannan da sauran halayen shekaru, waɗanda za su iya haifar da wariya, suna shafar yadda aka tsara manufofi da damar da tsofaffi ke da su don samun lafiyar tsufa.
Ci gaban duniya, ci gaban fasaha (misali, a fannin sufuri da sadarwa), ƙaura, ƙaura da canza ka'idojin jinsi suna tasiri ga rayuwar tsofaffi ta hanyoyi kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye.Amsar lafiyar jama'a dole ne ta yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan na yau da kullun da aka tsara da kuma tsara manufofin daidai.
Amsar WHO
Babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ayyana 2021-2030 shekaru Goma na Lafiyayyan tsufa kuma ya nemi WHO ta jagoranci aiwatarwa.Shekaru Goma na Lafiyar Lafiya Haɗin gwiwa ne na duniya wanda ke haɗa gwamnatoci, ƙungiyoyin jama'a, hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙwararru, masana ilimi, kafofin watsa labarai da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na tsawon shekaru 10 na haɗin gwiwa, aiki mai ƙarfi da haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka rayuwa mai ƙoshin lafiya.
Shekaru goman sun ginu ne a kan Dabarun Duniya da Tsarin Ayyuka na WHO da Tsarin Ayyukan Kasa da Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tsufa tare da goyan bayan tabbatar da ajandar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 2030 kan ci gaba mai dorewa da ci gaba mai dorewa.
Shekaru Goma na Lafiyar Lafiya (2021-2030) na neman rage rashin daidaito na kiwon lafiya da inganta rayuwar tsofaffi, iyalansu da al'ummomin ta hanyar aiki tare a wurare hudu: canza yadda muke tunani, ji da aiki zuwa shekaru da shekaru;haɓaka al'ummomi ta hanyoyin da za su inganta iyawar tsofaffi;isar da haɗaɗɗiyar kulawa ta mutum da sabis na kiwon lafiya na farko wanda ya dace da tsofaffi;da kuma samar da tsofaffin mutanen da suke bukata tare da samun damar samun ingantaccen kulawa na dogon lokaci.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-24-2021
